1. A 42-year-old patient attends the surgery for a routine dental examination and asks for advice on toothpastes that help to remove staining without damaging the enamel. The dentist is most likely to recommend toothpaste containing which one of the following ingredients?

2. Many of the risk factors associated with dental disease are also linked to the general health of the patient and are risk factors for various general diseases. Which one of the following conditions is associated with poor wound healing and periodontal disease?

3. Manual toothbrushing is carried out in an effort to remove as much bacterial plaque as possible in order to reduce the incidence of caries and periodontal disease. Which one of the following areas in the oral cavity is least effectively cleaned by manual toothbrushing?

4. A 19-year-old patient attends the surgery complaining of painful gingivae and halitosis. The dentist diagnoses acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis, an infection linked to the anaerobic organism Bacillus fusiformis. Which one of the following mouthwash constituents is the dentist most likely to recommend?

5. Fluoride is an important component of toothpastes recommended to patients to reduce the occurrence of caries, as it helps to strengthen enamel against acid attack. Which one of the following is an additional beneficial effect of fluoride that helps reduce the incidence of caries?

6. Good communication skills are very important in ensuring that patients are fully informed, relaxed in the dental environment, and willing to proceed with proposed treatment. Which one of the following would you use to indicate that the patient has your attention?

7. Bacterial plaque has been linked to the development of both dental caries and the onset of periodontal disease. Which one of the following describes the role of plaque in caries formation rather than periodontal disease?

8. Many patients use artificial sweeteners in tea and coffee to make them more palatable, with the added advantage of reducing the risk of developing dental caries. Which one of the following sweeteners is not derived from a natural sugar?

9. A teenage girl has completed a diet sheet after two cavities were discovered at her routine examination. Which one of the following has been identified as a source of non-milk extrinsic sugar in her diet?

10. A mother attends to seek advice on the necessity of fluoride drops for her young child. The dentist advises that it is not required because the region has a fluoridated water supply. Which one of the following indicates the likely concentration of fluoride added to the water supply?

11. While giving oral health dietary advice, the clinician is likely to recommend that a patient avoids excessive consumption of which one of the following to reduce the occurrence of enamel demineralisation?

12. When delivering dental health advice to a patient, the dental team needs to be aware of various issues that may affect the motivation or ability of the patient to follow the advice. Which one of the following is most likely to affect the ability of the patient to carry out adequate plaque control?

13. Many of the risk factors associated with dental disease are also linked to the general health of the patient and are risk factors for various general diseases. Which one of the following risk factors is associated with enamel erosion and general poor health?

14. Public health surveys throughout the country have consistently shown the benefit to oral health of the use of systemic fluoride. This has been achieved by comparing DMF counts in various populations. Which one of the following is the meaning of DMF?

15. Regular toothbrushing and the use of toothpastes is the most common method of removing bacterial plaque in order to reduce the risk of both caries and periodontal disease. Which one of the following toothpaste ingredients has the most effect on reducing the development of caries?

16. Many of the risk factors associated with dental disease are also linked to the general health of the patient and are risk factors for various general diseases. Which one of the following risk factors is associated with caries and obesity?

17. Various oral health products are designed specifically to clean the interproximal areas of the dentition. Which one of the following products leaves some plaque behind when used in these regions?

18. It is not always possible for patients to brush their teeth after every meal, especially when away from home at lunchtime. The dental team will then advise the use of a detergent food to help remove loose food debris at the end of the meal. Which one of the following foods should be recommended to patients?

19. Good communication skills are of great importance in encouraging patients to take an active role in managing their own oral health. Which one of the following indicates a dismissive attitude towards the patient?

20. When various members of the dental team are required to communicate with patients, it is important that they all give the same message so that the patient does not become confused. Which one of the following is the most likely method used to achieve this?

21. Several risk factors have been attributed to the onset of periodontal disease or to worsening severity of the condition when it is present. Which one of the following oral health recommendations is irrelevant to a smoker with periodontal disease?

22. Patients are often given verbal oral health advice by a member of the dental team, often at the end of an appointment. Which one of the following is the preferred method of reinforcing that advice, so that the patient remembers it?

23. The application of topical fluoride by members of the dental team is a recognised method of caries prevention. Which one of the following areas of the tooth benefits from this technique?

24. The technique of artificially fluoridating the general water supply is the most common method of providing systemic fluoride to the general population. Which one of the following indicates the reduction in caries incidence that this technique has been shown to achieve?