Introduction: Bone quality and quantity is most important issue for successful dental implantology. Using bone radiological and morphological investigation is possible to evaluate bone quality before implantation and during bone regeneration.

Material and methods: Trephine biopsies were achieved from twenty patients before and after sinus lift operations and investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically. Bone radiodensitometry was analyzed for the same patient group before and after implantation of bone substitute material.

Results: Bone amount before implantation was diminished that was proved radiologically and clinically but morphological and radiodensity data were variable. All patients showed pronounced expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin which are bone regeneration markers. Defensin and heat shock proteins were low pronounced. Analyzing apoptosis, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenic protein 2/4, matrix metalloproteinases 9 high variability were observed from negative to marked positive reactions.

Conclusions: Bone tissue reactogenity is variable and strongly individual and is not always correlating with radiological finding.

Marked expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin shows patient bone regeneration potential.

Significant increase of bone optical density was observed after biomaterial implantation into maxillary sinus.

Conflict of interest: None declared.